B12

• Published research contexts, not benefits claimed for this RUO material: cobalamins are established cofactors in methionine synthase and L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase pathways; research uses include one-carbon metabolism, methylmalonate and homocysteine biology, red-cell and myelin-related models, deficiency biomarkers, analytical-method development, photostability and formulation compatibility; hydroxocobalamin-cyanide binding is a well-established form-specific mechanism; evidence for treating documented deficiency must not be generalized to performance, mood, cognition, fatigue or neuropathic-pain benefit in B12-replete populations.

CAS

68-19-9

Formula

Not applicable to the supplied material

Molecular weight

1355.4 g/mol

Appearance

Red to dark-red aqueous solution (1 mg/mL; 10 mL fills), depending on cobalamin form and concentration; confirm the released-lot specification

Purity

≥ 99.0% · target, verify batch COA

Storage

Follow the released-batch storage statement and SDS. Confirm post-opening or prepared-sample stability against the laboratory's validated protocol.

MOQ

1 kit (10 vials) per SKU

Lead time

7–14 days

Vitamin B12 denotes a family of cobalt-containing corrinoids, not one interchangeable chemical identity. The principal forms in this catalog context are cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and adenosylcobalamin/cobamamide. NIH ODS identifies methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin as the metabolically active coenzyme forms; cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin become active after conversion. PubChem records distinct formulas, masses and structures for each form. Therefore an RFQ, quote, label and released-lot COA must specify the exact form rather than only “Vitamin B12.” Specific finished products have established nutritional or medical roles, including treatment of documented deficiency and hydroxocobalamin treatment of cyanide poisoning, but those uses do not make a bulk RUO lot a medicine. In people without overt deficiency, systematic-review evidence does not support broad claims of improved cognition, mood, fatigue, athletic performance or endurance.

• Research contexts include form-specific identity and related-substance methods; assays of methionine synthase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine pathways; deficiency and malabsorption biomarker models; red-cell, neural and myelin biology; metformin- or acid-suppression-associated B12-status research; photodegradation and container-closure studies; hydroxocobalamin-cyanide binding; and formulation-compatibility studies
• Clinical diagnosis, replacement therapy and antidote use require licensed products and healthcare oversight and are outside this RUO catalog material.

Methylcobalamin is the cofactor for cytosolic methionine synthase, which remethylates homocysteine to methionine and supports S-adenosylmethionine-dependent one-carbon metabolism. Adenosylcobalamin is the cofactor for mitochondrial L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin require intracellular processing to the active coenzyme forms. Hydroxocobalamin can bind cyanide to form cyanocobalamin, which underlies the mechanism of specific hydroxocobalamin antidote formulations. These biochemical roles do not establish equivalent potency, stability, analytical response or therapeutic interchangeability among the four forms.

• This bulk material is Research Use Only and is not sterile or qualified for human or veterinary administration
• Safety experience from approved cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, oral or nasal products does not transfer to an unspecified bulk lot or to another cobalamin form
• Handling requires the SDS, appropriate PPE and controls against skin or eye exposure
• Cobalt or cobalamin hypersensitivity, formulation excipients, route-specific adverse effects and product-specific contraindications belong to the relevant finished-drug label; this catalog provides no clinical safety or medication-management advice.

Interactions reported in the literature

• For experimental design, folate status can alter hematologic and one-carbon-metabolism readouts, and folic acid can correct megaloblastic anemia while allowing neurologic B12 deficiency to remain unrecognized
• Metformin and gastric-acid suppressants are associated with reduced B12 status in clinical literature and can confound human observational studies
• Cobalamin form, light exposure, redox conditions, excipients and other B vitamins may affect analytical or formulation results
• These are study-design considerations, not recommendations to combine this RUO material with medications, lipotropic injections or other ingredients.

Laboratory: Manufacturer's QC laboratoryTests: HPLC purity · MS identity · endotoxin · fill amount

• 10 mg

Previews are blurred on purpose so the documents cannot be reused; third-party reports show their first page only. Sales sends the clear full version for the product and strength you ask about.

Independent test fails? Full refund.

On every batch COA: HPLC purity · MS identity · endotoxin · fill amount · Verify LyoPep

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

• Before quotation and release, identify the exact form by name, CAS, PubChem structure or equivalent structure record, formula and theoretical mass
• The COA should report a form-appropriate identity method, measured mass, HPLC or UPLC assay and related-substance profile, water, residual solvents, counterion or salt where relevant, and trace metals or free cobalt when methodologically justified
• Use an orthogonal identity method and a reference standard capable of distinguishing the four cobalamin forms
• Define light exposure during sampling and analysis
• If a lot is claimed for cell or sterile-process research, specify endotoxin, bioburden or sterility requirements separately
• Color and solution clarity are supportive, form- and concentration-dependent observations; they do not replace identity, assay or impurity testing, and HPLC area purity alone does not establish content, sterility, clinical grade or interchangeability.

Follow the released-batch storage statement and SDS. Confirm post-opening or prepared-sample stability against the laboratory's validated protocol.

State the destination and timing so receipt can be planned, then move the material into its stated storage condition on arrival.

• 1) NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet for Health Professionals, updated July 2, 2025; 2) PubChem CIDs 16058087 and 16212801 for cyanocobalamin, CID 6474321 for methylcobalamin, CID 44475014 for hydroxocobalamin, CID 6436143 for cobamamide, and CID 71306319 for the distinct charged MeCbl representation; 3) Current DailyMed cyanocobalamin injection labels for form- and finished-product-specific storage and route information; 4) Green R, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17040; 5) Stabler SP. Vitamin B12 Deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:149-160; 6) Wang H, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;CD004655; 7) Markun S, et al. Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue. Nutrients. 2021;13:923. PMID 33809274; PMCID PMC8000524; 8) Juzeniene A, Nizauskaite Z. Photodegradation of cobalamins in aqueous solutions and in human blood. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2013;122:7-14. PMID 23558034.

1. 01

   Vitamin B12 deficiency

   Nature Reviews Disease Primers · 2017 · peer-reviewed review (Nature Reviews Primer)

   Open source
2. 02

   Vitamin B12 Deficiency

   New England Journal of Medicine · 2013 · peer-reviewed clinical practice review

   Open source
3. 03

   Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency

   Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018 · Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled trials

   Open source
4. 04

   Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

   Nutrients · 2021 · peer-reviewed systematic review and meta-analysis

   Open source
5. 05

   Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients treated with metformin: A cross-sectional study

   PLoS One · 2024 · peer-reviewed original research (cross-sectional study)

   Open source
6. 06

   Vitamin B12 - Health Professional Fact Sheet

   NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025 · government/regulatory body reference fact sheet

   Open source
7. 07

   Oral vs. Intramuscular Vitamin B12 for Treating Vitamin B12 Deficiency

   American Family Physician (American Academy of Family Physicians) · 2022 · professional organization clinical inquiry/evidence summary

   Open source
8. 08

   Pernicious Anemia

   StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf, National Library of Medicine) · 2023 · government/institutional clinical reference (peer-reviewed textbook chapter)

   Open source

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