MOTS-c (Human)

Native human 16-residue mitochondrial-derived research peptide · evidence remains predominantly preclinical

Lot-specific chromatographic purity plus quantitative peptide content; confirm sequence, intact mass, counterion, water and methionine-oxidation profile separately · target, verify batch COACAS 1627580-64-6RUO

Research statusPredominantly preclinical cell and animal evidence; one recruiting Phase 2a native-MOTS-c trial has no posted results

Supplied formLinear 16-residue mitochondrial-derived peptide (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR)

Lead time10–18 days

MOTS-c (Human) — Lot-specific lyophilized research peptide; confirm appearance on the released-lot COA

MOTS-c (Human) — Lot-specific lyophilized research peptide; confirm appearance on the released-lot COA · Representative packaging image · verify the ordered lot

Representative packaging image · verify the ordered lot

Decision summary

Key benefits

Research strengths include a defined native 16-residue sequence, a well-cited mitochondrial open-reading-frame origin and multiple testable pathways across metabolic-stress, insulin-sensitivity, exercise-adaptation and aging models
Animal studies report effects on glucose homeostasis, diet-induced obesity, age-related muscle insulin resistance and physical performance, while human exercise studies describe endogenous MOTS-c measurements
The appropriate evidence classification is predominantly preclinical; the registered native-MOTS-c Phase 2a study will require posted results before it can inform human efficacy or safety conclusions.

Published research context is presented for literature orientation only. It is not a dosing, treatment or human-use instruction.

Qualification data

Specifications to confirm against the released lot

CAS: 1627580-64-6
Formula: C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂
Molecular weight: Approximately 2,174.6 Da
Appearance: Lot-specific lyophilized research peptide; confirm appearance on the released-lot COA
Purity: Lot-specific chromatographic purity plus quantitative peptide content; confirm sequence, intact mass, counterion, water and methionine-oxidation profile separately · target, verify batch COA
Storage: Store and ship according to the lot COA and validated stability data for the exact sequence, salt, formulation, solvent, concentration and container. Generic 2-8 degrees Celsius, minus 20 degrees Celsius and prompt-use statements are not interchangeable. Avoid unvalidated freeze-thaw cycles and document excursions.
MOQ: On request
Lead time: 10–18 days

PubChem CID 155885767

Qualification matrix

Identity, purity and content are separate release questions.

Identity

Confirm the stated molecule and supplied form. Start with the matching batch COA; request sequence-level evidence only when the buyer's written procedure requires it and availability or a separate scope has been agreed.

Purity

Review RP-HPLC method conditions, wavelength, integration and related-peak handling. A percentage without the method is not enough.

Content

Net peptide content is not the same as gross lyophilized powder weight. Ask which assay supports the stated amount and whether water/counter-ion is addressed.

Stability

Define long-term storage and transit exposure separately. Cold-chain can be quoted when the buyer’s risk assessment requires it and adds cost.

Research context

What researchers study about MOTS-c (Human)

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial MT-RNR1 / 12S rRNA region and first reported by Lee et al. in Cell Metabolism in 2015. Research has linked it to folate-purine metabolism, AICAR- and AMPK-associated responses, metabolic homeostasis and stress-dependent nuclear signaling. The evidence base is predominantly cellular and animal. NCT07505745 provides current human research context as a recruiting, randomized Phase 2a study in adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity; results are not yet posted. CB4211 is a distinct synthetic MOTS-c-derived analogue with its own early-phase development record and must be assessed separately from native MOTS-c.

Relevant research domains include metabolic homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, exercise adaptation, aging biology, mitochondrial stress signaling and native-peptide versus analogue comparison
Human exercise-associated measurements are observational
NCT07505745 is recruiting 120 adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity and has an estimated primary completion in 2027
CB4211 remains a distinct derivative, so its early human data must be interpreted under its own identity and protocol.

Mechanism context

The question the literature is testing

The foundational cell and mouse study linked MOTS-c exposure to inhibition of folate-cycle and de novo purine metabolism, accumulation of AICAR and AMPK-associated metabolic responses. A later study reported that metabolic stress can drive MOTS-c nuclear translocation and interaction with stress-responsive transcriptional programs. Exact timing, motif dependence and downstream readouts belong to those experimental systems; they do not establish an administered-human mechanism, clinical benefit or universal exposure-response relationship.

Evidence map

Research routes and exposure context

Evidence tierMixed evidence context

Research areaMitochondrial research

Routes reported in sources

SubcutaneousIn vitro

Dose / exposure contextProtocol-specific; verify the cited primary source

Routes and exposure contexts summarize cited studies or approved finished-product labels. They are not instructions for administering this RUO material; no customer dose is provided.

Evidence boundaries

Compatibility, limitations and decision context

Human safety and pharmacokinetic characterization of native MOTS-c remains an open research question
Animal tolerability and CB4211 Phase 1 observations belong to different evidence contexts and should be labelled accordingly
WADA's 2026 Prohibited List includes MOTS-c under S4.4.1 AMPK activators, prohibited at all times
TUE questions follow current official rules
This supplied material is for laboratory research only.

Interactions reported in the literature

Human co-administration evidence has not established compatibility with metformin, glucose-lowering medicines, NAD precursors, resveratrol, berberine, GH-axis peptides or other AMPK activators
Shared-pathway relationships are useful for hypothesis design, while combination compatibility, assay interference and monitoring requirements remain protocol-specific
Anti-doping status is a separate compliance consideration.

Literature context is not a supplier release result or human-use instruction. Follow your institution's approved laboratory risk assessment.

Factory batch documentation

MOTS-c (Human) factory batch COAs

MOTS-c (Human) 40 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

MOTS-c (Human)40 mg · WHJLP-MS40-260514-B

MOTS-c (Human) 20 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

MOTS-c (Human)20 mg · WHJLP-MS20-260513-B

MOTS-c (Human) 10 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

MOTS-c (Human)10 mg · WHJLP-MS10-260512-B

MOTS-c (Human) 15 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

MOTS-c (Human)15 mg · WHJLP-MS15-260512-B

Representative records, refreshed periodically

Published COAs show representative factory batches and may not be the latest available. For a current quote or shipment, our sales team can confirm the applicable lot and provide its COA.

Independent testing, arranged on request

Third-party reports are not routinely published. If independent verification is required, we can agree the laboratory, method, acceptance criteria and remedy before testing. If the agreed specification is not met, an appropriate resolution—including a refund where applicable—can be discussed under the agreed terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Help reviewing your COA

Need help reading a factory COA or third-party report? Our sales team can clarify test items, specifications and how the results relate to the lot under discussion.

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

A clear solution, white powder or HPLC area percentage cannot establish sequence identity, peptide content, sterility or biological equivalence to research material
Require complete sequence and terminal state, salt/counterion, high-resolution intact mass and sequence-confirming MS/MS, chromatographic purity with raw data and impurity profile, quantitative peptide content, water and counterion, residual solvents and lot-specific stability
Oxidation and other sequence-relevant degradants should be controlled
Sterility, endotoxin and particulates require separate validated tests when claimed.

Released-batch COARP-HPLC result and method contextIdentity result appropriate to the moleculeWater / counter-ion context where relevantSDS and handling statementAdditional testing scoped on request

Available fills

Quote the fill and pack configuration you need

Reference SKUFillBase pack

MOTSC-10MG10 mg10 vials

MOTSC-15MG15 mg10 vials

MOTSC-20MG20 mg10 vials

MOTSC-40MG40 mg10 vials

Handling

Storage in the lab and temperature during transit are different decisions

Store and ship according to the lot COA and validated stability data for the exact sequence, salt, formulation, solvent, concentration and container. Generic 2-8 degrees Celsius, minus 20 degrees Celsius and prompt-use statements are not interchangeable. Avoid unvalidated freeze-thaw cycles and document excursions.

State destination, season, acceptable transit exposure and whether your protocol requires insulated or cold-chain service. Additional temperature-control cost is quoted explicitly.

Buyer FAQ

Terms to settle before the purchase order

Can a buyer arrange third-party testing?+

Yes. Testing must be performed by a mutually accepted, established specialist laboratory. Fee allocation, specification, sampling, method and acceptance rule must be agreed before testing; if an agreed independent result shows nonconformance, the remedy follows the signed order terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Does HPLC purity prove peptide content?+

No. Chromatographic purity describes the relative peak profile under a stated method. Identity, water, counter-ion, residual solvents and assay/content may require separate methods.

Is cold-chain shipping always required?+

Not always. Heat can accelerate degradation, especially during summer and long transit. Cold-chain reduces exposure but raises cost. State the destination and stability risk so the right service can be quoted.

How are payment terms handled?+

Available methods and milestones depend on order value, destination and project type. The pro forma invoice should state currency, bank details, fees, payment milestones and the release condition.

Why must the testing laboratory understand peptide chemistry?+

Free-base and salt forms, hydrophilic and hydrophobic sequences, aggregation and adsorption can change sample preparation and method suitability. Use a laboratory experienced with the molecule class.

External qualification references

WHO good storage and distribution practices IATA Temperature Control Regulations ISO/IEC 17025 laboratory competence 21 CFR 211.84 component testing and supplier COA controls

These are buyer-qualification references, not claims that this RUO material is regulated, certified or released under those frameworks. Applicability depends on the buyer's workflow and jurisdiction.

Selected sources

Literature behind the research context

The 2015 Cell Metabolism paper is the foundational discovery and metabolic-homeostasis study. Later work addresses exercise and age-dependent function, plasma metabolomics, stress and aging mechanisms, CK2 binding and diabetic-heart models, predominantly preclinically. NCT07505745 is an official recruiting Phase 2a registry record with no results posted, not proof of efficacy. The CohBar release reports CB4211, a distinct MOTS-c-derived analogue, and is company-reported early-phase evidence only. The current official WADA list controls anti-doping status.

01
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
Cell Metabolism · 2015 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
02
MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
Nature Communications · 2021 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
03
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity
Physiological Reports · 2019 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
04
Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging
Journal of Translational Medicine · 2023 · systematic review
Open source
05
MOTS-c modulates skeletal muscle function by directly binding and activating CK2
iScience · 2024 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
06
Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c restores mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic heart
Frontiers in Physiology · 2025 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
07
MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity (MOTS-MET)
ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · clinical trial registry entry
Open source
08
CohBar Announces Positive Topline Results from the Phase 1a/1b Study of CB4211 Under Development for NASH and Obesity
GlobeNewswire (CohBar, Inc. investor/media release) · 2021 · company press release
Open source

Product FAQ

Questions buyers ask about MOTS-c (Human)

How is MOTS-c different from SS-31 (Elamipretide) within the mitochondrial category?+

MOTS-c is a 16-residue mitochondrially encoded sequence studied as a metabolic-stress signal involving AMPK-associated and nuclear responses. Elamipretide is a synthetic tetrapeptide that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and interacts with cardiolipin-associated membrane biology. FDA approved the distinct sterile prescription product FORZINITY in 2025 for a defined Barth-syndrome indication; that approval does not apply to MOTS-c or to research-grade SS-31. The sequences, mechanisms, evidence bases, specifications and regulatory identities are not interchangeable.

MOTS-c (Human)

Key benefits

Specifications to confirm against the released lot

Identity, purity and content are separate release questions.

What researchers study about MOTS-c (Human)

The question the literature is testing

Research routes and exposure context

Compatibility, limitations and decision context

Interactions reported in the literature

MOTS-c (Human) factory batch COAs

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

Quote the fill and pack configuration you need

Storage in the lab and temperature during transit are different decisions

Terms to settle before the purchase order

Literature behind the research context

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity

Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging

MOTS-c modulates skeletal muscle function by directly binding and activating CK2

Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c restores mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic heart

MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity (MOTS-MET)

CohBar Announces Positive Topline Results from the Phase 1a/1b Study of CB4211 Under Development for NASH and Obesity

Questions buyers ask about MOTS-c (Human)

Compare adjacent molecules and documentation needs.

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