Glutathione

• The defensible B2B value is a form-defined reference or research material for GSH/GSSG method development, redox and oxidative-stress models, conjugation studies, stability testing and cell-free or controlled cell assays
• Biological literature on endogenous GSH does not establish therapeutic performance, and results from oral, intranasal, topical or intravenous formulations are formulation- and route-specific rather than product claims for this SKU.

CAS

70-18-8

Formula

C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S

Molecular weight

307.32-307.33 g/mol

Appearance

White to off-white powder or cake; appearance alone cannot distinguish reduced GSH from oxidized or degraded material

Purity

≥ 99.0% · target, verify batch COA

Storage

Use the released-lot storage and retest statement. Protect dry reduced GSH from oxygen, light, moisture and trace-metal contamination. For solutions, qualify concentration, pH, solvent or buffer, container, headspace, temperature and hold time because GSH can oxidize to GSSG; prepare small aliquots and avoid repeated opening or freeze-thaw cycles when redox state matters.

MOQ

On request

Lead time

7–14 days

Reduced glutathione is the endogenous tripeptide γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine. Its glutamate-to-cysteine linkage uses the glutamate γ-carboxyl group, while the cysteine thiol gives GSH its redox sensitivity. Oxidation produces glutathione disulfide (GSSG), so a material described only as 'glutathione' or '99% HPLC' is analytically incomplete unless the reduced form, assay and oxidized-glutathione limit are defined. This product is a chemical research material, not a sterile dosage form.

• Appropriate work includes reduced-GSH identity and assay, GSSG and related-substance quantification, stability-indicating LC or LC-MS methods, oxidation kinetics, buffer and metal-ion compatibility, GSH/GSSG redox models, conjugation chemistry, and controlled biochemical or cell experiments. 'Detoxification', immune support, skin whitening, anti-ageing and neurological treatment are not validated indications for this RUO material.

In biological systems, the cysteine thiol participates in reduction and conjugation reactions; glutathione peroxidase uses GSH as a reducing substrate, glutathione reductase regenerates GSH from GSSG using NADPH, and glutathione S-transferases catalyse conjugation with electrophiles. In an analytical vial, the same thiol is vulnerable to oxidation. Oxygen, pH, temperature, transition metals and sample preparation can change GSH, GSSG and related-product results before analysis.

• Handle as a laboratory chemical under the SDS and institutional controls
• The product is not qualified as sterile, pyrogen-free or suitable for administration
• FDA documented adverse events after dietary-grade L-glutathione powder with excessive bacterial endotoxin was used to compound sterile injections; the episode shows that chemical identity or a translated COA cannot establish injection suitability
• FDA's May 14, 2026 503A nomination document lists glutathione in Category 1, meaning that it remains under evaluation and may fall within an interim enforcement policy only when the policy conditions are met
• Category 1 is not the final 503A Bulks List or drug approval
• FDA's current supplier-quality page continues to cite dietary-ingredient glutathione as a compounding quality issue and urges qualification of supplier, testing, intended use and supply-chain transparency
• FDA food-GRAS correspondence applies only to specified food uses and is not drug approval
• Human-use, skin-whitening and wellness instructions were removed.

Interactions reported in the literature

• For analytical work, evaluate oxygen exposure, pH, temperature, light, copper or iron, chelators, reducing agents, oxidants, proteins, media components and container surfaces
• Copper(II) can accelerate GSH oxidation in model buffers
• Derivatization and prompt stabilization may be necessary when the GSH/GSSG ratio is the endpoint
• These are method and compatibility variables, not human combination advice.

Glutathione400 mg · WHJLP-GTT400-260708-B

Glutathione600 mg · WHJLP-GTT600-260708-B

Glutathione1500 mg · WHJLP-GTT1500-260708-B

Representative records, refreshed periodically

Published COAs show representative factory batches and may not be the latest available. For a current quote or shipment, our sales team can confirm the applicable lot and provide its COA.

Independent testing, arranged on request

Third-party reports are not routinely published. If independent verification is required, we can agree the laboratory, method, acceptance criteria and remedy before testing. If the agreed specification is not met, an appropriate resolution—including a refund where applicable—can be discussed under the agreed terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Help reviewing your COA

Need help reading a factory COA or third-party report? Our sales team can clarify test items, specifications and how the results relate to the lot under discussion.

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

• The batch specification should identify reduced L-glutathione and state the reference standard and assay basis
• Require orthogonal identity such as LC-MS plus a second identity test; reduced-GSH assay
• GSSG/oxidized-glutathione and related-substance limits using a stability-indicating separation; water; residual solvents; elemental impurities where relevant; appearance; and lot-specific storage and retest data
• For redox-sensitive methods, review sample stabilization and system suitability
• Bioburden, endotoxin and sterility are separate attributes and must never be inferred from chemical purity; this RUO material does not claim them.

Use the released-lot storage and retest statement. Protect dry reduced GSH from oxygen, light, moisture and trace-metal contamination. For solutions, qualify concentration, pH, solvent or buffer, container, headspace, temperature and hold time because GSH can oxidize to GSSG; prepare small aliquots and avoid repeated opening or freeze-thaw cycles when redox state matters.

State destination, season, acceptable transit exposure and whether your protocol requires insulated or cold-chain service. Additional temperature-control cost is quoted explicitly.

• PubChem CID 124886 supports the reduced-glutathione identity, formula and mass. Forman 2009 summarizes biological roles and measurement. Monostori 2009 reviews GSH/GSSG sample preparation and analytical methods. Wang 2010 demonstrates temperature- and copper-dependent oxidation in a defined buffer. Aebi 1991 provides route-specific human plasma PK only. Mischley 2017 found intranasal GSH was not superior to placebo in a small Parkinson's disease trial. FDA GRN 293 is food-use correspondence, while FDA's 2019 compounding alert documents the danger of using dietary-grade material in sterile injections. FDA's May 14, 2026 503A category document lists glutathione in Category 1 under evaluation, not on the final 503A Bulks List, and FDA's February 4, 2026 supplier-quality page continues to identify dietary-ingredient glutathione as a compounding supply-chain example.

1. 01

   Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis

   Molecular Aspects of Medicine · 2009 · peer-reviewed foundational review

   Open source
2. 02

   Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples: an in-depth review

   Journal of Chromatography B · 2009 · peer-reviewed analytical-method review

   Open source
3. 03

   Kinetic studies of the oxidation of glutathione in protein refolding buffer

   Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering · 2010 · peer-reviewed solution-oxidation study

   Open source
4. 04

   High-dose intravenous glutathione in man: pharmacokinetics and effects on cyst(e)ine in plasma and urine

   European Journal of Clinical Investigation · 1991 · peer-reviewed human pharmacokinetic study

   Open source
5. 05

   Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's Disease

   Journal of Parkinson's Disease · 2017 · randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase IIb study

   Open source
6. 06

   Glutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects

   Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2017 · randomized double-blind placebo-controlled oral study

   Open source
7. 07

   Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function

   European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 2018 · small open-label oral pilot study

   Open source
8. 08

   GRAS Notice No. 293 — Glutathione

   FDA GRAS Notice Inventory · 2009 · U.S. government food-ingredient record

   Open source