PE-22-28

Mini-Spadin TREK-1 research heptapeptide · evidence remains preclinical

Lot-specific released result; request chromatographic purity, peptide content and orthogonal identity · target, verify batch COACAS 1801959-12-5RUO

Research statusPreclinical cell and rodent evidence only; no qualifying human trial or approved use reference context · supplied material is RUO

Supplied formLinear seven-residue sortilin-propeptide-derived fragment (GVSWGLR)

Lead timeConfirmed with quote

PE-22-28 — Lot-specific lyophilized solid; confirm colour and physical form on the released-batch COA

PE-22-28 — Lot-specific lyophilized solid; confirm colour and physical form on the released-batch COA · Representative packaging image · verify the ordered lot

Representative packaging image · verify the ordered lot

Decision summary

Key benefits

Defensible research value includes TREK-1 channel assays, selectivity panels, rapid-onset behavioural models, neurogenesis-marker studies and parent-versus-fragment comparisons
Rodent forced-swim, feeding or BrdU results do not establish human antidepressant, anxiolytic, cognitive or neuroprotective efficacy.

Published research context is presented for literature orientation only. It is not a dosing, treatment or human-use instruction.

Qualification data

Specifications to confirm against the released lot

CAS: 1801959-12-5
Formula: C₃₅H₅₅N₁₁O₉
Molecular weight: 773.89 Da
Appearance: Lot-specific lyophilized solid; confirm colour and physical form on the released-batch COA
Purity: Lot-specific released result; request chromatographic purity, peptide content and orthogonal identity · target, verify batch COA
Storage: Follow the released-lot label, COA and stability data; do not assume generic refrigerated, frozen or reconstituted hold times.
MOQ: On request
Lead time: Confirmed with quote

Qualification matrix

Identity, purity and content are separate release questions.

Identity

Confirm the stated molecule and supplied form. Start with the matching batch COA; request sequence-level evidence only when the buyer's written procedure requires it and availability or a separate scope has been agreed.

Purity

Review RP-HPLC method conditions, wavelength, integration and related-peak handling. A percentage without the method is not enough.

Content

Net peptide content is not the same as gross lyophilized powder weight. Ask which assay supports the stated amount and whether water/counter-ion is addressed.

Stability

Define long-term storage and transit exposure separately. Cold-chain can be quoted when the buyer’s risk assessment requires it and adds cost.

Research context

What researchers study about PE-22-28

PE-22-28, also called mini-spadin, is the seven-residue GVSWGLR fragment derived from the sortilin-propeptide/spadin research system. Cell and rodent studies report potent TREK-1 inhibition and antidepressant-like or neurogenesis-associated readouts, but no qualifying human trial exists. Parent-spadin and TREK-1-class findings must be distinguished from measurements made directly with PE-22-28.

Appropriate laboratory contexts include TREK-1 potency and selectivity, parent-fragment comparison, rodent behavioural replication, neurogenesis-marker methods and analytical identity qualification
No approved clinical indication applies.

Mechanism context

The question the literature is testing

PE-22-28 inhibits TREK-1 in preclinical assays. Downstream serotonergic, CREB and BDNF explanations are partly extrapolated from parent spadin and class literature and must be labelled accordingly. Selectivity results at specific concentrations cannot establish human cardiac or neurological safety.

Evidence map

Research routes and exposure context

Evidence tierApproved finished-product context

Research areaNeurocognitive research

Routes reported in sources

No administration route applies

Dose / exposure contextProtocol-specific; verify the cited primary source

Routes and exposure contexts summarize cited studies or approved finished-product labels. They are not instructions for administering this RUO material; no customer dose is provided.

Evidence boundaries

Compatibility, limitations and decision context

Not for human or veterinary administration
Absence of hERG inhibition in one preclinical assay does not establish clinical safety, and no human safety data exist
Identity, content, impurities, contamination and unsupported route claims remain material risks.

Interactions reported in the literature

No human combination guidance applies
SSRI, MAOI, Semax, Selank, Dihexa, Cerebrolysin and BPC-157 recommendations were removed because no controlled interaction study supports them.

Literature context is not a supplier release result or human-use instruction. Follow your institution's approved laboratory risk assessment.

Factory batch documentation

PE-22-28 factory batch COAs

PE-22-28 2 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

PE-22-282 mg · WHJLP-PE2-260702-A

PE-22-28 5 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

PE-22-285 mg · WHJLP-PE5-260702-A

PE-22-28 10 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

PE-22-2810 mg · WHJLP-PE10-260702-A

Representative records, refreshed periodically

Published COAs show representative factory batches and may not be the latest available. For a current quote or shipment, our sales team can confirm the applicable lot and provide its COA.

Independent testing, arranged on request

Third-party reports are not routinely published. If independent verification is required, we can agree the laboratory, method, acceptance criteria and remedy before testing. If the agreed specification is not met, an appropriate resolution—including a refund where applicable—can be discussed under the agreed terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Help reviewing your COA

Need help reading a factory COA or third-party report? Our sales team can clarify test items, specifications and how the results relate to the lot under discussion.

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

Require GVSWGLR sequence and terminal state, intact mass, peptide mapping or tandem-MS where appropriate, chromatographic purity, quantitative peptide content, counterion, water, residual solvents, related peptides, container integrity and lot-specific stability
Appearance or nominal HPLC purity alone is insufficient.

Released-batch COARP-HPLC result and method contextIdentity result appropriate to the moleculeWater / counter-ion context where relevantSDS and handling statementAdditional testing scoped on request

Available fills

Quote the fill and pack configuration you need

Reference SKUFillBase pack

PE2228-02MG2 mg10 vials

PE2228-05MG5 mg10 vials

PE2228-10MG10 mg10 vials

Handling

Storage in the lab and temperature during transit are different decisions

Follow the released-lot label, COA and stability data; do not assume generic refrigerated, frozen or reconstituted hold times.

State destination, season, acceptable transit exposure and whether your protocol requires insulated or cold-chain service. Additional temperature-control cost is quoted explicitly.

Buyer FAQ

Terms to settle before the purchase order

Can a buyer arrange third-party testing?+

Yes. Testing must be performed by a mutually accepted, established specialist laboratory. Fee allocation, specification, sampling, method and acceptance rule must be agreed before testing; if an agreed independent result shows nonconformance, the remedy follows the signed order terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Does HPLC purity prove peptide content?+

No. Chromatographic purity describes the relative peak profile under a stated method. Identity, water, counter-ion, residual solvents and assay/content may require separate methods.

Is cold-chain shipping always required?+

Not always. Heat can accelerate degradation, especially during summer and long transit. Cold-chain reduces exposure but raises cost. State the destination and stability risk so the right service can be quoted.

How are payment terms handled?+

Available methods and milestones depend on order value, destination and project type. The pro forma invoice should state currency, bank details, fees, payment milestones and the release condition.

Why must the testing laboratory understand peptide chemistry?+

Free-base and salt forms, hydrophilic and hydrophobic sequences, aggregation and adsorption can change sample preparation and method suitability. Use a laboratory experienced with the molecule class.

External qualification references

WHO good storage and distribution practices IATA Temperature Control Regulations ISO/IEC 17025 laboratory competence 21 CFR 211.84 component testing and supplier COA controls

These are buyer-qualification references, not claims that this RUO material is regulated, certified or released under those frameworks. Applicability depends on the buyer's workflow and jurisdiction.

Selected sources

Literature behind the research context

1) Djillani A, Pietri M, Moreno S, Heurteaux C, Mazella J, Borsotto M. "Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity." Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2017 (PMC5601071 / PubMed 28955242) — the primary study reports an IC50 of 0.12 nM for PE-22-28 versus 40 nM for spadin, no effect on TREK-2, TRAAK, TASK-1, TRESK or hERG in the reported assays, rodent behavioural readouts and BrdU-positive-cell counts of 1,736±126 versus 899±109 in controls. The 14-23-hour half-effect durations were reported for modified G/A and biotinylated G/A analogues, not as a pharmacokinetic half-life for unmodified PE-22-28 or humans.
2) Mazella J, Petrault O, Lucas G, et al. "Spadin, a Sortilin-Derived Peptide, Targeting Rodent TREK-1 Channels: A New Concept in the Antidepressant Drug Design." PLOS Biology, 2010 (PMC2854129) — the original parent-spadin study linking TREK-1 blockade with dorsal-raphe serotonergic transmission, CREB phosphorylation and neurogenesis; these pathway findings are mechanistic context, not direct human evidence for PE-22-28.
3) "Role of TREK-1 in Health and Disease – CNS Focus." Frontiers in Physiology, 2019 review (PMC6470294) — reviews TREK-1 expression and CNS biology, including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and dorsal raphe nucleus; class-level findings must not be presented as compound-specific clinical evidence.
4) "Fighting Against Depression with TREK-1 Blockers" review, 2018-2019 — reviews the preclinical TREK-1-blocker field and proposed PKA-CREB-BDNF signalling. Rapid behavioural effects in rodent models do not establish rapid-onset antidepressant efficacy in humans.
5) PubChem CID 165437303 and Tocris/Bio-Techne technical data and released-lot COA for catalog 7868 — identity cross-check: GVSWGLR, CAS 1801959-12-5, molecular formula C₃₅H₅₅N₁₁O₉ and molecular weight 773.89 Da. Batch-specific counterion, purity, appearance and mass-spectrum results must be taken from the supplied lot COA.

01
Spadin, a sortilin-derived peptide, targeting rodent TREK-1 channels: a new concept in the antidepressant drug design
PLoS Biology · 2010 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
02
Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity
Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2017 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
03
Spadin as a new antidepressant: absence of TREK-1-related side effects
Neuropharmacology · 2012 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
04
First evidence of protective effects on stroke recovery and post-stroke depression induced by sortilin-derived peptides
Neuropharmacology · 2019 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
05
Fighting against depression with TREK-1 blockers: Past and future. A focus on spadin
Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 2019 · review article
Open source
06
The Involvement of Sortilin/NTSR3 in Depression as the Progenitor of Spadin and Its Role in the Membrane Expression of TREK-1
Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2019 · review article
Open source
07
Spadin Selectively Antagonizes Arachidonic Acid Activation of TREK-1 Channels
Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2020 · peer-reviewed original research
Open source
08
Peptide derived from neurotensin receptor 3 and use thereof in the treatment of psychiatric diseases
US Patent and Trademark Office (US8252748B2), assigned to Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis · 2012 · granted US patent (regulatory/IP document)
Open source

Product FAQ

Questions buyers ask about PE-22-28

What identity should a PE-22-28 quotation and COA define?+

Require the sequence Gly-Val-Ser-Trp-Gly-Leu-Arg (GVSWGLR), terminal states, CAS 1801959-12-5 and PubChem CID 165437303 where used, molecular formula C₃₅H₅₅N₁₁O₉, theoretical mass 773.89 Da and the supplied salt or counterion basis. 'Mini-Spadin' is an alias, not an adequate analytical identity. Confirm the released lot by intact mass and a sequence-capable orthogonal method.

How strong is the evidence for PE-22-28?+

The key potency, selectivity, duration and behavioural findings come from cell and rodent studies, including the 2017 shortened-spadin paper. No human clinical trial or approved use was identified. Parent-spadin or TREK-1 class findings should be labelled as mechanistic extrapolation when they were not measured directly for PE-22-28.

What quality tests matter beyond HPLC purity?+

Use intact mass and preferably sequence confirmation, a quantitative peptide-content or assay result, water and counterion testing, and residual-solvent controls appropriate to synthesis. For a functional study, confirm concentration and activity in the chosen model. HPLC area percentage alone does not establish content, identity, solubility or biological activity.

Ready for review

Request a usable quote

Include fill, quantity, target purity/content, required methods, destination and timing.

B2B response target: 24 hours
Latest lot requested separately
Cold-chain priced when needed

Research Use Only. Human-use requests are not accepted.

Recent activity window

Recent confirmed orders including PE-22-28

Recent Confirmed Orders3 · Last 30 daysView all

Germany8.8 g2026-08-31

Tirzepatide 120 mg · PE-22-28 10 mg · Tesa+IP5 15 mg · BPC-157 10 mg · Sterile Water 10 mL

Sweden4.7 g2026-08-16

Glutathione 400 mg · IGF-1 LR3 1000 mcg · Retatrutide 20mg + Tirzepatide 40mg 60 mg · PE-22-28 2 mg · Tirzepatide 2 mg · Somatropin (HGH 191 aa) 24 IU

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PE-22-28

Key benefits

Specifications to confirm against the released lot

Identity, purity and content are separate release questions.

What researchers study about PE-22-28

The question the literature is testing

Research routes and exposure context

Compatibility, limitations and decision context

Interactions reported in the literature

PE-22-28 factory batch COAs

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

Quote the fill and pack configuration you need

Storage in the lab and temperature during transit are different decisions

Terms to settle before the purchase order

Literature behind the research context

Spadin, a sortilin-derived peptide, targeting rodent TREK-1 channels: a new concept in the antidepressant drug design

Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity

Spadin as a new antidepressant: absence of TREK-1-related side effects

First evidence of protective effects on stroke recovery and post-stroke depression induced by sortilin-derived peptides

Fighting against depression with TREK-1 blockers: Past and future. A focus on spadin

The Involvement of Sortilin/NTSR3 in Depression as the Progenitor of Spadin and Its Role in the Membrane Expression of TREK-1

Spadin Selectively Antagonizes Arachidonic Acid Activation of TREK-1 Channels

Peptide derived from neurotensin receptor 3 and use thereof in the treatment of psychiatric diseases

Questions buyers ask about PE-22-28

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