Thymosin Alpha 1

N-terminally acetylated 28-residue immunology research peptide

≥ 99.0% · target, verify batch COACAS 62304-98-7RUO

Research statusDefined peptide with human and preclinical literature; efficacy is indication-, formulation- and study-quality-dependent. Not FDA-approved in the United States. reference context · supplied material is RUO

Supplied formLinear 28-residue peptide with N-terminal acetylation and free C-terminal carboxyl group

Lead time10–18 days

Thymosin Alpha 1 — Lot-specific lyophilized research peptide, commonly white to off-white; appearance is not a purity or sterility test

Thymosin Alpha 1 — Lot-specific lyophilized research peptide, commonly white to off-white; appearance is not a purity or sterility test · Representative packaging image · verify the ordered lot

Representative packaging image · verify the ordered lot

Decision summary

Key benefits

Research value includes standards and reagents for innate/adaptive immune signaling, dendritic-cell and Toll-like-receptor-related studies, immune-cell assay development, and replication of indication-specific preclinical or clinical biomarker work
These applications do not establish broad immune-boosting, infection, sepsis, cancer or anti-ageing benefits.

Published research context is presented for literature orientation only. It is not a dosing, treatment or human-use instruction.

Qualification data

Specifications to confirm against the released lot

CAS: 62304-98-7
Formula: C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅
Molecular weight: 3108.3 g/mol
Appearance: Lot-specific lyophilized research peptide, commonly white to off-white; appearance is not a purity or sterility test
Purity: ≥ 99.0% · target, verify batch COA
Storage: Follow the released-lot label and stability statement. Keep lyophilized material sealed and protected from moisture. Qualify solvent, concentration, pH, container, temperature and hold time after reconstitution; no universal seven-day hold is assigned.
MOQ: On request
Lead time: 10–18 days

PubChem CID 16130571

Qualification matrix

Identity, purity and content are separate release questions.

Identity

Confirm the stated molecule and supplied form. Start with the matching batch COA; request sequence-level evidence only when the buyer's written procedure requires it and availability or a separate scope has been agreed.

Purity

Review RP-HPLC method conditions, wavelength, integration and related-peak handling. A percentage without the method is not enough.

Content

Net peptide content is not the same as gross lyophilized powder weight. Ask which assay supports the stated amount and whether water/counter-ion is addressed.

Stability

Define long-term storage and transit exposure separately. Cold-chain can be quoted when the buyer’s risk assessment requires it and adds cost.

Research context

What researchers study about Thymosin Alpha 1

Thymosin alpha-1 is a linear 28-residue peptide with an acetylated N-terminus and free C-terminal carboxyl group. It was isolated and sequenced from thymosin fraction 5 and is now used as a defined synthetic research peptide. It must be distinguished from thymulin and from heterogeneous thymic extracts marketed as Thymalin.

Peptide identity and impurity methods; dendritic-cell and innate/adaptive immune models
Toll-like-receptor-related assays; immune-cell biomarker research; formulation and aggregation studies; replication of indication-specific published experiments.

Mechanism context

The question the literature is testing

Talpha1 has been associated with dendritic-cell, Toll-like-receptor and downstream immune-response modulation across experimental systems. Mechanistic effects vary with cell type, disease state and assay conditions; pleiotropic signaling observations do not establish a single receptor mechanism or universal clinical outcome.

Evidence map

Research routes and exposure context

Evidence tierApproved finished-product context

Research areaImmune signaling research

Routes reported in sources

No administration route applies

Dose / exposure contextProtocol-specific; verify the cited primary source

Routes and exposure contexts summarize cited studies or approved finished-product labels. They are not instructions for administering this RUO material; no customer dose is provided.

Evidence boundaries

Compatibility, limitations and decision context

Research Use Only; not a sterile finished drug and not for human or veterinary use
FDA states that compounded Talpha1 may pose immunogenicity risks and presents peptide-impurity and API-characterization complexities, with inadequate safety information for proposed routes
Handle under the SDS and institutional risk assessment.

Interactions reported in the literature

For bench work, control endotoxin, serum proteins, cell source, activation state, cytokine background, formulation and co-treatments
No interferon, vaccine, chemotherapy, corticosteroid or peptide-combination recommendation is made.

Literature context is not a supplier release result or human-use instruction. Follow your institution's approved laboratory risk assessment.

Factory batch documentation

Thymosin Alpha 1 factory batch COAs

Thymosin Alpha 1 2 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

Thymosin Alpha 12 mg · WHJLP-TA2-260608-B

Thymosin Alpha 1 5 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

Thymosin Alpha 15 mg · WHJLP-TA5-260608-B

Thymosin Alpha 1 10 mg Factory batch COA protected preview

Thymosin Alpha 110 mg · WHJLP-TA10-260608-B

Representative records, refreshed periodically

Published COAs show representative factory batches and may not be the latest available. For a current quote or shipment, our sales team can confirm the applicable lot and provide its COA.

Independent testing, arranged on request

Third-party reports are not routinely published. If independent verification is required, we can agree the laboratory, method, acceptance criteria and remedy before testing. If the agreed specification is not met, an appropriate resolution—including a refund where applicable—can be discussed under the agreed terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Help reviewing your COA

Need help reading a factory COA or third-party report? Our sales team can clarify test items, specifications and how the results relate to the lot under discussion.

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

Require N-terminal acetylation identity, exact sequence, intact mass, RP-HPLC purity with method and integration, peptide content, related substances, counterion, water and residual solvents
For immune-cell research, specify endotoxin and bioburden limits separately
Appearance or solution clarity cannot establish identity, sterility or low endotoxin.

Released-batch COARP-HPLC result and method contextIdentity result appropriate to the moleculeWater / counter-ion context where relevantSDS and handling statementAdditional testing scoped on request

Available fills

Quote the fill and pack configuration you need

Reference SKUFillBase pack

THYA1-02MG2 mg10 vials

THYA1-05MG5 mg10 vials

THYA1-10MG10 mg10 vials

Handling

Storage in the lab and temperature during transit are different decisions

Follow the released-lot label and stability statement. Keep lyophilized material sealed and protected from moisture. Qualify solvent, concentration, pH, container, temperature and hold time after reconstitution; no universal seven-day hold is assigned.

State destination, season, acceptable transit exposure and whether your protocol requires insulated or cold-chain service. Additional temperature-control cost is quoted explicitly.

Buyer FAQ

Terms to settle before the purchase order

Can a buyer arrange third-party testing?+

Yes. Testing must be performed by a mutually accepted, established specialist laboratory. Fee allocation, specification, sampling, method and acceptance rule must be agreed before testing; if an agreed independent result shows nonconformance, the remedy follows the signed order terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Does HPLC purity prove peptide content?+

No. Chromatographic purity describes the relative peak profile under a stated method. Identity, water, counter-ion, residual solvents and assay/content may require separate methods.

Is cold-chain shipping always required?+

Not always. Heat can accelerate degradation, especially during summer and long transit. Cold-chain reduces exposure but raises cost. State the destination and stability risk so the right service can be quoted.

How are payment terms handled?+

Available methods and milestones depend on order value, destination and project type. The pro forma invoice should state currency, bank details, fees, payment milestones and the release condition.

Why must the testing laboratory understand peptide chemistry?+

Free-base and salt forms, hydrophilic and hydrophobic sequences, aggregation and adsorption can change sample preparation and method suitability. Use a laboratory experienced with the molecule class.

External qualification references

WHO good storage and distribution practices IATA Temperature Control Regulations ISO/IEC 17025 laboratory competence 21 CFR 211.84 component testing and supplier COA controls

These are buyer-qualification references, not claims that this RUO material is regulated, certified or released under those frameworks. Applicability depends on the buyer's workflow and jurisdiction.

Selected sources

Literature behind the research context

Identity: PubChem CID 16130571 and Goldstein et al. 1977. Human PK context: PMID 10027483. Sepsis evidence: ETASS, PMID 23327199; TESTS, PMID 39814420; and Gu et al. 2025. COVID-19 evidence: linked trials, systematic reviews and critiques. U.S. regulatory context: FDA PCAC 2024 meeting materials, vote record and current compounding safety-risk page.

01
Thymosin alpha1: isolation and sequence analysis of an immunologically active thymic polypeptide
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) · 1977 · peer-reviewed original research (landmark discovery paper)
Open source
02
Thymosin alpha1: an endogenous regulator of inflammation, immunity, and tolerance
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2007 · peer-reviewed review
Open source
03
The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial
Critical Care · 2013 · randomized controlled trial
Open source
04
Efficacy of thymosin α1 for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · 2025 · systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open source
05
The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial
The BMJ · 2025 · multicentre double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Open source
06
The efficacy of thymosin α1 as immunomodulatory treatment for sepsis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
BMC Infectious Diseases · 2016 · systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Open source
07
Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) reduces the mortality of severe COVID-19 by restoration of lymphocytopenia and reversion of exhausted T cells
Clinical Infectious Diseases · 2020 · retrospective/observational clinical study
Open source
08
The efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 therapy in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Inflammopharmacology · 2023 · systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Open source

Product FAQ

Questions buyers ask about Thymosin Alpha 1

How do Thymosin Alpha-1, Thymulin and Thymalin differ?+

Thymosin Alpha-1 (thymalfasin) is a defined N-acetylated 28-residue peptide. Thymulin is a distinct zinc-dependent nonapeptide, while Thymalin generally refers to a heterogeneous thymic extract rather than one molecular entity. They require different identity tests and are not interchangeable; specify the exact material at quotation.

Which analytical controls are most important for Thymosin Alpha-1?+

Confirm the N-terminal acetyl group, exact 28-residue sequence and intact mass, then review RP-HPLC purity, peptide content, related peptides, counterion, water and residual solvents. For immune-cell assays, define endotoxin and bioburden limits separately because trace endotoxin can alter the same readouts under study; a high HPLC area result does not establish low endotoxin or sterility.

Thymosin Alpha 1

Key benefits

Specifications to confirm against the released lot

Identity, purity and content are separate release questions.

What researchers study about Thymosin Alpha 1

The question the literature is testing

Research routes and exposure context

Compatibility, limitations and decision context

Interactions reported in the literature

Thymosin Alpha 1 factory batch COAs

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

Quote the fill and pack configuration you need

Storage in the lab and temperature during transit are different decisions

Terms to settle before the purchase order

Literature behind the research context

Thymosin alpha1: isolation and sequence analysis of an immunologically active thymic polypeptide

Thymosin alpha1: an endogenous regulator of inflammation, immunity, and tolerance

The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial

Efficacy of thymosin α1 for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial

The efficacy of thymosin α1 as immunomodulatory treatment for sepsis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) reduces the mortality of severe COVID-19 by restoration of lymphocytopenia and reversion of exhausted T cells

The efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 therapy in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Questions buyers ask about Thymosin Alpha 1

Compare adjacent molecules and documentation needs.

Thymalin

KPV

LL-37

ARA 290 (Cibinetide)