VIP

• Published research context, not a benefit claimed for this RUO material: endogenous VIP is a well-characterized ligand for VPAC1/VPAC2 receptor pharmacology and cAMP signaling studies
• VIP/VPAC systems participate in gastrointestinal secretion and motility, vasodilation, neuroendocrine signaling, immune regulation, and circadian-network research; receptor-selective analogues and antagonists can help distinguish VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 pathway contributions; exploratory respiratory, inflammatory, neurologic, and metabolic findings remain model-, formulation-, and population-specific; the negative TESICO result and low-evidence intranasal CIRS case series must be retained when describing the human evidence base.

CAS

40077-57-4

Formula

C₁₄₇H₂₃₈N₄₄O₄₂S

Molecular weight

approximately 3,325.8 Da

Appearance

White to off-white lyophilized powder

Purity

≥ 99.0% · target, verify batch COA

Storage

Follow the released-lot COA and supplier instructions. Unless batch documentation specifies otherwise, keep sealed lyophilized VIP desiccated, protected from light, and at or below -20°C. Establish reconstituted-solution stability in the receiving laboratory’s validated protocol and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Do not transfer handling instructions from a compounded nasal product or a clinical infusion formulation to this bulk RUO lot.

MOQ

On request

Lead time

14–21 days

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an endogenous 28-residue neuropeptide in the secretin/glucagon peptide family. Mature bioactive VIP is C-terminally amidated at Asn28 and activates the class B GPCRs VPAC1 and VPAC2. For the amidated sequence supplied as the intended catalog identity, the neutral formula is C₁₄₇H₂₃₈N₄₄O₄₂S and the average molecular mass is approximately 3,325.8 Da. PubChem CID 53314964 currently depicts the C-terminal free-acid form, C₁₄₇H₂₃₇N₄₃O₄₃S and 3,326.8 Da, so that record must not be used uncritically as the exact structure or intact-mass target for an amidated lot. Clinical evidence is formulation- and route-specific: the randomized TESICO trial found no significant day-90 clinical benefit of intravenous aviptadil for COVID-19 acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. This bulk material is a Research Use Only reference, not a compounded nasal spray, sterile infusion, or approved finished drug.

• Receptor pharmacology includes VPAC1/VPAC2 binding, signaling, desensitization, internalization, and receptor-selective control experiments; physiology and disease-model research includes gastrointestinal secretion and motility, smooth-muscle and vascular responses, circadian-network signaling, neuroendocrine biology, immune-cell signaling, and pulmonary models; translational evidence must remain formulation-specific—the 461-participant modified intention-to-treat TESICO comparison found no significant improvement in the day-90 primary outcome or mortality with intravenous aviptadil versus placebo; a smaller earlier intravenous trial reported a secondary survival signal, but its prespecified adjusted primary analysis was not statistically significant; intranasal VIP for CIRS is supported mainly by a small uncontrolled case series and is not an FDA-approved indication; no clinical route or exploratory indication qualifies this bulk RUO material for human use.

VIP is an endogenous agonist at VPAC1 and VPAC2, two class B G protein-coupled receptors that commonly signal through Gαs, adenylyl cyclase, cyclic AMP, and protein kinase A. Downstream responses vary by receptor density, cell type, species, ligand concentration, and assay design. VIP has much lower activity than PACAP at most PAC1 receptor isoforms, although receptor splice variants can alter pharmacology. Statements about anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, secretory, circadian, or neuroprotective effects therefore describe biological research contexts and do not establish a therapeutic effect for a bulk RUO lot.

• This bulk peptide is Research Use Only and is not sterile or qualified for human or veterinary administration; intravenous aviptadil trials reported hypotension and diarrhea as route- and formulation-specific tolerability concerns; in TESICO, the day-5 composite safety outcome occurred in 63% of aviptadil recipients versus 56% of placebo recipients, with an odds ratio of 1.40 (95% CI 0.94-2.08)
• TESICO found no significant day-90 efficacy or mortality benefit, so larger randomized evidence does not support earlier promotional COVID-19 framing; safety observations from intravenous or compounded intranasal products cannot be used to infer safety of this RUO lot; laboratories should follow the SDS, use appropriate PPE, and establish institutional controls for the intended model and exposure route.

Interactions reported in the literature

• No authoritative human evidence identified in this review establishes the safety or effectiveness of combining VIP with BPC-157, Thymosin Alpha-1, LL-37, KPV, Selank, DSIP, Cerebrolysin, GHK-Cu, or other research peptides; descriptions of those combinations as compatible or synergistic are unsupported; in experimental systems, VPAC/PAC1 agonists, antagonists, phosphodiesterase modifiers, adenylyl-cyclase modulators, and cAMP/PKA pathway interventions may confound or serve as controls depending on the protocol; receptor-selective tools and vehicle controls should be defined prospectively; this catalog does not recommend combinations or provide medication-management advice.

VIP5 mg · WHJLP-VIP5-260513-B

VIP10 mg · WHJLP-VIP10-260513-B

Representative records, refreshed periodically

Published COAs show representative factory batches and may not be the latest available. For a current quote or shipment, our sales team can confirm the applicable lot and provide its COA.

Independent testing, arranged on request

Third-party reports are not routinely published. If independent verification is required, we can agree the laboratory, method, acceptance criteria and remedy before testing. If the agreed specification is not met, an appropriate resolution—including a refund where applicable—can be discussed under the agreed terms. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the buyer pays the cost of this optional testing.

Help reviewing your COA

Need help reading a factory COA or third-party report? Our sales team can clarify test items, specifications and how the results relate to the lot under discussion.

Ask for the current packet, not a generic certificate

• Require a released-lot COA stating the complete 28-residue sequence, C-terminal Asn-NH₂ amidation, exact formula and theoretical intact mass of the stated form, measured intact mass, identity method, chromatographic purity and impurity profile, counterion or salt content, water, residual solvents, and net peptide assay; use LC-MS/MS terminal coverage or another orthogonal method to distinguish amidated VIP from the free-acid analogue—the amidated molecule is approximately 0.984 Da lower in neutral mass, not higher; for cell or animal research, define endotoxin and bioburden acceptance criteria in the receiving laboratory’s protocol
• HPLC area purity alone does not establish terminal amidation, peptide content, sterility, clinical grade, or equivalence to any compounded or investigational formulation.

Follow the released-lot COA and supplier instructions. Unless batch documentation specifies otherwise, keep sealed lyophilized VIP desiccated, protected from light, and at or below -20°C. Establish reconstituted-solution stability in the receiving laboratory’s validated protocol and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Do not transfer handling instructions from a compounded nasal product or a clinical infusion formulation to this bulk RUO lot.

State destination, season, acceptable transit exposure and whether your protocol requires insulated or cold-chain service. Additional temperature-control cost is quoted explicitly.

• 1) KEGG DRUG D12127. Aviptadil: sequence HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN, formula C₁₄₇H₂₃₈N₄₄O₄₂S, molecular weight 3325.80, CAS 40077-57-4; 2) PubChem CID 53314964. Vasoactive intestinal peptide free-acid structure: formula C₁₄₇H₂₃₇N₄₃O₄₃S, molecular weight 3326.8, CAS 37221-79-7; 3) BPS/IUPHAR Guide to Pharmacology. VIP and PACAP receptors, family 67: VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 nomenclature and pharmacology; 4) Harmar AJ, et al. Pharmacology and functions of receptors for VIP and PACAP: IUPHAR Review 1. Br J Pharmacol. 2012. PMID 22289055; 5) Brown SM, et al. Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure (TESICO). Lancet Respir Med. 2023. PMID 37348524; PMCID PMC10527239; doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00147-9; 6) Youssef JG, et al. IV vasoactive intestinal peptide in critical COVID-19 respiratory failure: 60-day randomized trial. Crit Care Med. 2022. PMID 36044317; 7) Shoemaker RC, House DE, Ryan JC. VIP corrects chronic inflammatory response syndrome markers: an open-label uncontrolled case series. Health. 2013;5:396-401; 8) Iwasaki M, et al. Recent advances in VIP physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system. F1000Research. 2019. PMCID PMC6743256.

1. 01

   Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine

   Science · 1970 · peer-reviewed original research (foundational discovery paper)

   Open source
2. 02

   Structure of the porcine vasoactive intestinal octacosapeptide. The amino-acid sequence. Use of kallikrein in its determination

   European Journal of Biochemistry · 1974 · peer-reviewed original research (foundational structural characterization)

   Open source
3. 03

   Immunomodulation of innate immune responses by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): its therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease

   Clinical and Experimental Immunology · 2009 · peer-reviewed review

   Open source
4. 04

   Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system

   F1000Research · 2019 · peer-reviewed review

   Open source
5. 05

   A Clinical Approach for the Use of VIP Axis in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases

   International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2019 · peer-reviewed review

   Open source
6. 06

   The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial

   Critical Care Medicine · 2022 · randomized controlled clinical trial

   Open source
7. 07

   Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

   The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · 2023 · randomized controlled clinical trial (Phase 3)

   Open source
8. 08

   A negative trial for vasoactive intestinal peptide in COVID-19-associated acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure

   The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · 2023 · peer-reviewed editorial/commentary

   Open source